Improving efficiency of inter-company roaming settlements 

Mobile phone customers travelling abroad are a source of revenue for mobile operators. Roaming revenues are estimated by Juniper research to be at approximately 6% of total operator-billed revenue (in 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). Within the industry there are roaming settlement processes to ensure the foreign mobile network is compensated for calls made and data used.  

In 2020, three operators (Deutsche Telekom, Telefonica, and Vodafone) successfully finalised a trial of automated settlement of roaming discount agreements using a solution developed by blockchain-based settlement company, Clear. Founded in 2018, Clear’s aim is to “remove friction in complex B2B trade and to make partnerships better.” As reported by Enterprise Time, the VP of Commercial Roaming Services for Deutsche Telekom Global Carrier stated the challenge it was facing, was that: “Roaming discount agreement reconciliation is a complex, costly process prone to errors. The benefits of the Clear solution included an ability to “transact seamlessly with an ecosystem of partners.” In view of this, Clear would appear to have achieved what it set out to do.

Other industry players, such as Syniverse, have projects underway in the same arena. In 2020, Syniverse launched the “industry’s first live mobile roaming solution for the IoT and 5G that is fully compliant with the new GSMA Billing and Charging Evolution standard ” - a new roaming settlement process built on the IBM blockchain platform and called Universal Commerce. Syniverse’s blog on the topic states that the solution uses Blockchain technology to replace manual processes and delivers “an enhanced level of security, transparency and rapid validation.” The blog also mentions that Universal Commerce enables smart contracts between mobile operators (or other partners), whereby improving efficiency.  

Enhancing digital procurement 

According to a recent article published by Zawya, the Vodafone Procurement Company (VPC) and Block Gemini are collaborating on a blockchain-powered solution to enhance digital procurement. VPC is responsible for purchasing and supplier management for Vodafone, managing a spend of more than €25 billion. Founded in 2017, Block Gemini is a consultancy, blockchain and software development firm headquartered in Dubai. Block Gemini’s case study on the project highlights the challenges faced: “Manual updates became very time consuming; updates were vulnerable to human errors; multiple versions of the same contracts existed; a lack of digital price repositories.” According to the case study, the approach was to use a blockchain-based Commercial Contract Management platform, integrated with existing legacy systems and providing multi-stakeholder access. Block Gemini claims an impressive “90% increase in catalogue back-office efficiency; savings on multi-million Euro procurement spend; security using Blockchain technology and greater transparency; less disputes and greater overall efficiency.” Following the VPC and Block Gemini collaboration, Tomorrow Street (a joint venture between Vodafone and Luxembourg’s national incubator, Technoport) has announced a partnership with Block Gemini, confirming the success of using a blockchain-powered platform in the telecoms sector.

Facilitating Next Generation 5G and IoT services 

The telecoms industry body, GSMA, is forecasting that 5G will account for as many as 1.2 billion connections by 2025. Using Blockchain technology to facilitate 5G services is a concept that has been around for a while - the idea being that data captured remotely by Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be transferred via 5G (or Wifi, etc) and placed into a blockchain for storage, reading and analysis. The concept is mentioned in a recent article in Maxbit, which states that: “Smart devices have turned homes into smart homes, offices to smart offices, in fact, cities to smart cities. Everything in today’s age is connected digitally. Management of these devices…can be securely done using blockchain.” 

Additionally, GSMA has issued a recent press release highlighting a collaboration in this space. According to the release, Telefónica Tech (a holding of Telefonica Group), has collaborated with Fibocom (a global supplier of wireless communication solutions) and aitos.io (a start-up focusing on integrating IoT and Blockchain technology). The press release announced the three companies had: “Collaborated to develop the first 5G Blockchain IoT module, that natively record information gathered by devices to blockchain networks”. The key benefits of the solution are cited as increased transparency, and that it is “an efficient way of tracing and verifying information gathered by the [IoT] sensors”. The Head of Blockchain in Telefonica Tech has furthermore reported that: “the convergence of two technologies such as IoT and blockchain plus 5G connectivity is inevitable. As connected devices multiply, it is critical to demonstrate the trustworthiness of the information that devices exchange.  Blockchain can play a relevant role to build trust in these ecosystems.”

In summary, it seems that the main benefits of adopting Blockchain technology in the above three telecoms use cases are: 

• cost savings - because of reduced manual processing, streamlined processes, improved efficiency, and overall simplification 

• greater transparency - as information is now easily accessible (but only by authorised parties) 

• quicker time to market – due to easier access to information, reduced complexity 

Adoption challenges 

Nevertheless, there remain challenges, such as:  

• all potential use cases are not well understood

• financial business case not always clear 

• other higher-priority projects take precedence 

• blockchain is still a relatively new technology

 The carbon footprint of a city is receiving more attention and one way to reduce the carbon footprint is to analyse the carbon emissions from the materials that are used to construct building. 

Global Warming Has Concrete Problem When It Comes to CO2

Source: Ecori.org

The manufacturing of cement is a significant producer of  global carbon emissions  and after water cement is the most consumed product globally, as each year 3 tonnes of cement is produced for every person in the world. Cement accounts for over 4 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions annually. Therefore, any smart city can significantly improve its carbon footprint by using less cement or cement that is produced in a low emission manner. Hansons have a cement manufacturing site in Wales and they are using a combination of renewable energy sources, solar and wind to help produce the power that is required to make cement. Hanson UK claims: “The carbon footprint of the Regen GBBS produced at the plant could be brought down to one-tenth of that of Portland cement.”

Tata in Wales have recently won a £20 million grant to help decarbonise Wales: “to explore the production of a hydrogen supply, carbon capture usage and storage and CO2 shipping from South Wales which would be the first CO2 shipping industry in the whole of the UK… This is all part of a wider initiative to manufacture low or net zero carbon cement and steel products, helping to drive the low carbon future of UK construction”

Cities are major consumers of energy and with more and more companies pledging to go ‘carbon neutral’ there is a growing demand for users of electricity to have certainty as to the green credentials of the electricity they consume. This 2 min video from Shell explains how Blockchain technology is able to connect renewable energy producers with buyers offering a way to track and trace the provenance of the electricity in a highly trusted and transparent manner.

It is not just power generation that is using Blockchain technology to track carbon footprints. The Dutch based Blockchain business Kryha, working with The World Economic Forum has built a Blockchain-powered Carbon Tracing Platform, enabling traceability of carbon emissions from mine to the final product for copper.